Children, pedestrians and cyclists — risk isn't symmetric
Children, pedestrians and cyclists are unpredictable because they often have limited experience, smaller size, and weaker judgment of speed and distance. Children under about age 10 cannot fully judge traffic; they can suddenly run out. Elderly pedestrians walk at about 1 metre per second — expect longer passage time across a crossing. As a driver you have both the most mass and the longest braking distance. The risk isn't symmetric.
When overtaking a cyclist, leave at least 1,5 metres of side clearance at 50 km/h, more at higher speeds (Trafikförordningen ch. 3 §33). At an unsignalled pedestrian crossing, yield to pedestrians who have stepped out or are about to. Near schools, daycares and residential areas, always expect unpredictable behaviour. Slow down before you need to — not when it's already too late.
You're driving through a residential area at 07:30 on a school day. Cyclists in their early teens are heading to school and a group of children waits at the crossing. What do you do? Slow down in good time — expect a child to run out before your eyes have spotted them. Keep 1,5 metres when passing the cyclist. At the crossing: stop fully if anyone is ready. Apply the principle 'if I'm wrong — who gets hurt most'.
Not having seen a child or cyclist isn't an excuse — it's a poor mark on your scanning. The exam often tests scenarios where the vulnerable user is 'hidden' by a parked car or blocked bend. The right strategy is to assume they could be there, not to wait until you see them. Slow down preventively.